Overview
DPP standards: an overview
The eight CEN-CENELEC DPP standards, which six are cited in the Official Journal, how they fit together and the older standards they build on.
DPP standards
The standards for digital product passports, explained.
A product passport is reached through a data carrier on the product that leads to a unique identifier. This is what the law requires per category, and an article on each standard the passport relies on.
- 2027Batteries
- 2027, indicativeTextiles and tyres: delegated acts per the Commission's working plan
- 2028, indicativeFurniture: delegated act per the working plan
- 2030Toys
- When the acts are adoptedOther ESPR groups and construction products
Batteries (LMT, industrial over 2 kWh, EV)
Status: Passport from 18 February 2027
- Legal basis
- Batteries Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Article 77
- Identifier
- Unique identifier under ISO/IEC 15459 or equivalent (Article 77(3))
- Data carrier
- QR code (Articles 13(6) and 77(3))
SourceEUR-LexToys
Status: Applies from 1 August 2030
- Legal basis
- Toy Safety Regulation (EU) 2025/2509, Article 19
- Identifier
- As set by the regulation and its implementing acts
- Data carrier
- As set by the regulation and its implementing acts
SourceEUR-LexTextiles, furniture, tyres, mattresses, steel and aluminium
Status: The acts are not adopted
- Legal basis
- ESPR (EU) 2024/1781, delegated acts
- Identifier
- Set in each delegated act; EN 18219 covers unique identifiers
- Data carrier
- Set in each delegated act; EN 18220 covers data carriers
SourceEUR-LexConstruction products
Status: The passport system is set up through delegated acts
- Legal basis
- Construction Products Regulation (EU) 2024/3110
- Identifier
- Set in the delegated acts
- Data carrier
- Set in the delegated acts
SourceEUR-Lex
An earlier version of this page gave 1 February 2027 for batteries and RFID advice per industry. This version relies only on the legal acts and the standards.
GS1 Digital Link
GS1 Digital Link turns a GTIN and serial number into a web address, for example https://lindex.dpp.dppagent.com/01/07314781685466/21/002. GS1 keys are identifiers under ISO/IEC 15459, and the same code works at the till, in the store and for the passport. DPP Agent addresses every passport this way.
The standards, one at a time
Eight European standards from CEN-CENELEC and three they build on. Each article says what the standard covers, what it requires in practice and where the source is.
EN 18216
EN 18216: data exchange protocols and formats for digital product passports
What EN 18216 requires of a digital product passport: HTTPS, JSON as the common baseline, content negotiation and accessible HTML. With sources.
EN 18219
EN 18219: unique identifiers for digital product passports
What EN 18219 requires of product, operator and facility identifiers in digital product passports: five schemes, three levels and the ESPR link.
EN 18220
EN 18220: data carriers for digital product passports
What EN 18220 requires of the QR codes, Data Matrix, NFC and RFID tags that lead to a product passport, and how it ties to ESPR and battery passports.
EN 18221
EN 18221: data storage, archiving and persistence for digital product passports
EN 18221 sets how product passports are stored, archived and backed up, so they outlive the company that issued them. What it requires.
EN 18222
EN 18222: APIs for product passport lifecycle management and searchability
EN 18222 standardises the API of digital product passport systems. Which calls are required, how they relate to the EU registry and ESPR, and common myths.
EN 18223
EN 18223: system interoperability for digital product passports
EN 18223 gives product passports a common data model and semantics. The passport header, data dictionaries, the link to ESPR and common myths.
EN 18239
EN 18239: access rights, information security and business confidentiality in product passports
EN 18239 sets who may read and change what in a product passport, and how it is secured. Approved by CEN 17 August 2026, not yet cited in the OJ.
EN 18246
EN 18246: data authentication, reliability and integrity in product passports
EN 18246 is about proving a product passport is genuine and unaltered. Approved by CEN 17 August 2026, not yet cited in the OJ. What it requires.
ISO/IEC 15459
ISO/IEC 15459: the unique identification behind product passport identifiers
What ISO/IEC 15459 is, how issuing agency codes make identifiers globally unique, and why ESPR and the Batteries Regulation refer to it.
GS1 Digital Link
GS1 Digital Link: the web address that turns a GTIN into a product passport
How GS1 Digital Link writes GTIN, variant, batch and serial number as a web address, and how it relates to EN 18219, ESPR and the QR code.
IEC 61406
IEC 61406 Identification Link: self-issued identifiers for product passports
What IEC 61406-1 and -2 say about the Identification Link, and how it works as the self-issued ID scheme 2 of EN 18219 for digital product passports.