This page provides guidance on unique identifier and link standards across key sectors for Digital Product Passports. A digital product passport uses persistent identifiers and standardized data carriers (e.g., QR codes, Data Matrix) to enable access to product information throughout the lifecycle. Under the EU’s Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation and related acts, different sectors are adopting these standards. The table below outlines recommended identifier schemes, data carriers, and RFID/NFC guidance for priority sectors.
| Category | Legal basis / timeline | UID requirement status | Recommended ID standard | Data carrier | GS1 keys | RFID/NFC guidance | Notes / Next Steps |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Batteries (EV & industrial >2 kWh) | EU Battery Regulation (2023/1542); Feb 1 2027 | Final | GS1 Digital Link URI; GTIN + Serial | QR code; optional Data Matrix | GTIN, Serial | NFC optional; UHF RFID for logistics | Prepare UID registry; implement by 2027 |
| Fashion / Textiles | ESPR delegated act; expected 2027 | Under development | GS1 Digital Link; GTIN + Serial/Batch | QR/Data Matrix on care label | GTIN, Serial/Batch | UHF RFID for inventory; NFC optional | Align with eco-label timeline; monitor 2026 draft |
| Tyres | ESPR delegated act; expected 2027 | Under development | GS1 Digital Link; GTIN + Serial/Batch | QR/Data Matrix on sidewall; optional RFID | GTIN, Serial/Batch | UHF RFID embedded; NFC possible | Monitor UNECE/EU updates; pilot RFID |
| Electronics / ICT | ESPR delegated acts; 2027–2029 | Under development | GS1 Digital Link; SGTIN (GTIN + Serial) | QR/Data Matrix on device; optional NFC | GTIN, Serial | NFC tags for consumers; UHF RFID for logistics | Plan per‑unit IDs; prep for repair/recall |